XML Interview Questions and Answers
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What is XML?
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose
specification for creating custom markup languages.
[1] It is classified as an extensible language, because it allows
the user to define the mark-up elements. XML’s purpose is to aid information
systems in sharing structured data.
What is the version information in XML?
The root element can be preceded by an optional XML declaration
element stating what XML version is in use (normally 1.0); it might also
contain character encoding and external dependencies information.
What is ROOT element in XML?
XML documents must contain one element that is the parent of all
other elements. This element is called the root element.
If XML does not have closing tag will it work?
All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag otherwise it will
produce error while accessing or parsing.
Is XML case sensitive?
yes it is. XML tags are case sensitive. With XML, the tag is
different from the tag .
Opening and closing tags must be written with the same case.
What’s the difference between XML and HTML?
On the surface, XML and HTML look similar. Both use tags (such
as or ) and attributes (such as align=”left” or type=”personal”) to add
information to the content. In fact, a carefully prepared HTML document can
double as an XML document. The difference is that HTML is a well-defined set of
elements and attributes.
For example, the following is a well-formed XML document, but
because it only uses tags that are defined in
HTML, it’s also an HTML document:
Message of the Day
There is no message of the day.
Try back tomorrow.
On the other hand, HTML has somewhat looser rules than XML, so
some HTML documents are not well-formed XML documents.
Is XML meant to replace HTML?
xml is a portable document structure, which is not really for
presentation. XSL or CSS may replace html, but really xml is meant to be a
storage medium. It is like asking if databases will replace html.
The one aspect that makes this whole thing blurry is that html
and now Xhtml is a subset of xml. It is just used
to make documents render in browsers.
Can you explain why your project needed XML?
1. If we having huge datas to be transferred instead of sending
all those datas as dataset you can opt xml.
2. XML is easy to parse and it enables a faster accessing of
datas.
3. Case sensitiveness is an additional advantage in validating
the authentication for the user.
4. XML can be passed irrespective of OS, port and protocol.
What is DTD (Document Type definition)?
A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building
blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of
legal elements and attributes.
A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external
reference
Although XML allows you to invent as many different elements and
attributes as you need, these elements and attributes, as well as their
contents and the documents that contain them, must all follow certain rules in
order to be well-formed. If a document is not well-formed, any attempts to read
it or render it will fail.
What is a valid XML?
XML that meets the constraints defined by its Document Type
Declaration.
What is CDATA section in XML?
CDATA Sections are used to escape blocks of text containing
characters which would otherwise be recognized as markup. All tags and entity
references are ignored by an XML processor that treats them just like any
character data. CDATA blocks have been provided as a convenience measure when
you want to include large blocks of special characters as character data, but
you do not want to have to use entity
references all the time
What is XSL?
Extensible Style Language is a style sheet language aimed at
activities such as rearranging the document that are not supported by CSS,
though XSL and CSS share the same underlying concepts. XSL can be used to style
XML documents u sing sets of rules and definitions of actions to be applied.
XSL is a specification from the W3C.
What is Element and attributes in XML?
The basic building blocks of XML Schemas are elements and
attributes. Data types define the valid content that elements and attributes
contain. When you create XML Schemas, you define the individual elements and
attributes and assign valid types to them. Elements describe data, whereas
attributes are like properties of an element, in that they provide further
definition about the element the way that properties describe characteristics
of objects and classes.
An element describes the data that it contains. Elements can
also contain other elements and attributes.
An attribute is a named simple-type definition that cannot
contain other elements. Attributes can also be assigned an optional default
value and they must appear at the bottom of complex-type definitions.
Additionally, if multiple attributes are declared, they may
occur in any order.
What are the standard ways of parsing XML document?
DOM and SAX parsers are the standard ways for parsing XML
document.
In What scenarios will you use a DOM parser and SAX parser?
In some scenarios, SAX is easily the better choice for quick,
less-intensive parsing and processing. In others, the DOM provides an
easy-to-use, clean interface to data in a desirable format. You, the developer,
must always analyze your application and its purpose to make the correct
decision as to which method to use, or how to use both in concert.
What is XSLT?
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. A programming
language specialized for the transformation of XML documents.
Define XPATH?
A query language used to identify a set of nodes within a XML
document. Originally defined to be used with XSLT, it is also used by XPointer
and a simple subset is used in the xs:key, xs:keyref, and xs:unique W3C XML
Schema elements. The XQuery specification will be a superset of the second
version of XPath. This version will use type information provided by W3C XML
Schema.
What is an XMLReader Class?
Represents a reader that provides fast, non-cached, forward-only
access to XML data. XmlReader provides forward-only, read-only access to a
stream of XML data. The XmlReader class conforms to the W3C Extensible Markup
Language (XML) 1.0 and the Namespaces in XML recommendations.
What is XMLTextReader?
The XmlTextReader class requires fast access to XML data. It
does not require reading the entire document into memory via the Document
Object Model (DOM). The class is derived from the XmlReader class and
implements all the methods defined in the XmlReader class. The following are
the functions of the XmlTextReader class:
* It enforces rules of a well-formed XML document.
* It does not provide any data validation in a document.
* It checks the Document Type Definition (DTD) and DocumentType
nodes for their well-formed structure, but does not validate these nodes by
using the DTD.
How do we access attributes using “XmlReader”?
The XmlReader class provides various methods and properties for
reading attributes. Attributes are most commonly found on elements. However,
they are also allowed on XML declaration and document type nodes.
When positioned on an element node, the MoveToAttribute methods
enable you to go through the attribute list of the element. After
MoveToAttribute has been called, the node properties—such as Name,
NamespaceURI, Prefix, and so on—reflect the properties of that attribute, and
not the containing element it belongs to.
What does XmlValidatingReader class do?
Represents a reader that provides document type definition
(DTD), XML-Data Reduced (XDR) schema, and XML Schema definition language (XSD)
validation.
XmlValidatingReader implements the XmlReader class and provides
support for data validation. Use the Schemas property to have the reader
validate by using schema files that are cached in an XmlSchemaCollection. The
ValidationType property specifies what type of validation the reader should
perform. Setting the property to ValidationType.None creates a non-validating
reader.
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